Aspects of Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aspects of Research - Essay Example Identifying the key aspects: Key aspects are like the pillars upon which the further study and course of action is to be established. Thereby defining and clearly chalking out the key aspects is of high importance, without this no research would stand to fulfill the requirements that are aligned against it. Although a research is subject to number of important factors against which the entire study and course of action is established, yet there are three basic aspects without which a research would fail to yield the desired objectives that are set against it. Subject: The first aspect of high importance is that of defining the scope of research topic at hand. Knowing what to do, how to do, and when exactly to do are the three sub functions of this part. A general trait of research states that identifying the problem at hand, is the half resolution of problem. Choosing a subject and topic of research has certain prerequisite steps to it that are taken into account and fulfilled. These include the pre operational homework, feasibility studies, determining the course of action, assignment of roles and tasks, setting the deadlines and desired timings for completion of particular task, followed by the sub sectioning and dissection of the overall larger body of the research in itself. Literature review: Literature review is the backbone of any research undertaken. No research can survive to exist without the element of literature review. Since research is an interdependent entity and it is often continuation of work from a certain point on with aim of bringing about further enhancements and advancements in that particular field, thereby it is highly desired and demanded to study the relevant literature material. The literature material is that particular content that gives idea of what amount of work has been done in this field, what procedures and patterns have been adopted, what level of success has been achieved, against the desired expectations. The most importan t point of literature review is the validation of the entire scheme of action, and providing some authenticity of the quotes and actions in the light of work performed by the experts and researchers in that particular field of study (Fink 2010). Methodology: Methodology part is that particular aspect of research which enables the practical execution. While literature review is mostly on theoretical grounds and involves study of prior work and research conducted in that particular field, the methodology phase is the practical execution of ideas, actions and path to be undertaken. Methodology area is comparatively larger than literature review section and perhaps the broader area of entire research. Methodology is the formal adoption of policy and course of action undertaken. Methodology may involve the use of tools, the techniques, and other practical natured material of a research study. It also involves the element of variable study. Variables are in dependent and or independent na tures which have a direct impact on the overall outcome of a particular research undertaken. The studies of these variables enable better understanding of the practical actions and also allows for correlation between various elements within the study of research body. Methodology part sets the course and action path for the questionnaire and the type of survey that maybe undertaken in the practical field. Methodology allows for diagrammatical and

Consumer Behavior Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behavior Essay Today’s customer is habituated with the sales promotion activities. So without such activities it has become difficult for companies to achieve their target. The term sales promotion refers to many kind of selling incentives and techniques intended to product immediate and short term sales effect typical sales promotion include samples in pack premiums values pack refund and rebates sale promotion can be apply to across to broad range i.e from chewing gum to household and car The other defining characteristics of sale promotion are its short term or immediate. For the present paper the researchers considers the household consumer for their primary survey as the products that they have taken into consider come under the FMCG. Major players of FMCG industry were: Top 20 FMCG Companies in India 1. Hindustan Unilever Ltd. 2. ITC (Indian Tobacco Company) 3. Nestlà © India 4. GCMMF (AMUL) 5. Dabur India Ltd 6. Asian Paints (India) 7. Cadbury India 8. Britannia Industries Ltd. 9. Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care 10. Marico Industries Ltd. 11. Colgate-Palmolive (India) Ltd. 12. Gillette India Ltd. 13. Godfrey Phillips 14. Henkel Spic 15. Johnson Johnson 16. Modi Revlon 17. Wipro 18. Nirma Ltd 19. Amul India 20. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd Literature Review The Indian FMCG industry is crowded with numerous national regional and local players. To win the consumer heart and retain the market share the competition amongst the various players. The major companies ruling the Indian market in the category of FMCG items is HUL Amul, Nirma and many more Every day the Indian consumer who watch television and listen to the radio are thrown in front of a huge clutters of TV ads and commercials by these firm with the same intention and common purpose of convincing the customer that products is the best since India is a country where profiles of the also vary significantly with age demography income level etc in order to cater to need And demand of the different customer India many sales promotion schemes are highly successful as the market is the price sensitive as well as highly competitive even difference in few paisa can provoke the customer to switch to different brand the concept of brand loyalty an brand attachment takes a back seat in this s ituation. When the consumer feel that there are getting something extra, but at the same cost, they do not mind switching from one brand to other. However even today there exist a class of customer who still consider quality and brand as the deciding factor but their number is comparatively less majority of consumer in India, till date consider price to be the most important and deciding factors in the purchase of FMCG goods Kumar And Das (2009) in their article â€Å"Impact Of Sales Promotion On Buyer Behavior-An Empirical study Of Indian Retail Customers â€Å"opined that today’s customer can greatly influence the manufacturer of the marketer regarding the size, quality, control of the product, price, post sales service, etc†¦. in the present study the author attempted to find out the impact of sales promotion on consumer buying behavior. Research Gap The study highlights consumer behavior and purchase decisions made during various sale promotion schemes after viewing advertisement and analyzes the effect of various marketing tactics used by different companies. It also investigates area like consistency of sale promotion schemes and availability of schemes along with the products to analyze their impact on the minds of the consumer. The study would prove to be helpful for the company in deciding schemes that attract consumer, their buying patterns, time period of the schemes availability by sale promotion, advertisement and other activity. Research Objectives The objective of the study are: 1) To analyze effect of sale promotion and advertisement on the consumer buying behavior and purchase decision of FMCG product. 2) To analyze relationship between sale promotion and consumer buying behavior. 3) Consumer behavior when they FMCG product. Research Model Hypothesis H0 :- Sale promotion of FMCG Product is not effect on Consumer Buying Behavior. H1 :- Sale promotion of FMCG Product effect on Consumer Buying Behavior. Research Design A research design specifies that method and procedures for conducting a particular study. The researcher should specify the approach be intends to use with respect to the proposed study, broadly research can be grouped in to three categories. 1. Exploratory Research Design 2. Descriptive Research Design 3. Casual Research Design 1.Exploratory Research Design An exploratory research design focuses on the discovery of ideas and is generally based on secondary data. 2. Descriptive Research Design A descriptive study is undertaken when the researcher want to know the characteristics of certain group such as age, sex, income, education level etc. 3. Casual Study A casual researcher is under taken when the researcher is interested knowing a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables. As pre my objective to know effect of Sale promotion on consumer buying behavior there are necessary to know their characteristics so that we make research to select Descriptive Research Design. Source of Data (1) Primary Data:- The primary data are those data which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happened to be original. For this research the primary data are collected. (2) Secondary Data:- The secondary data are those data which have already been collected by someone else and which have already passed through statistical process. Here we consider primary data fop research Research Instrument Research instruments is the tool by which the researcher can do research on specific problems or objective. The most popular research instruments for collections data is Questionnaire for a particular investigation. It is simple for a moiled set of questions presented to respondents for their answers. Due to this flexibility, it is most common instrument used to collect the primary data. During the pre-testing of questionnaire, we seen the reaction of respondents and suggestions required to make change in research instrument. Research instrument is the means by which we can observe the market station. In over project topic is Effect on Sale promotion on consumer buying behavior. So information of consumer buying behavior is taken by preparing the hard print of questioner for the collection primary data. Sampling Plan Sampling frame Sampling size It refers to the question â€Å"How many people should be surveyed?† Sampling Unit It means Who is to be surveyed†. Here target population is decided and it is who are interested to Purchase FMCG Product. Here we take sample unit as an Individual. Sampling Method Method for choosing the representative respondents call for in this stage, i.e., how should the respondents is chosen? The sampling procedure indicates how the sample units are to be selected. We can used Simple Random Sampling Method for survey. Reference Source 1) http://www.businessnewsthisweek.com/2009/11/top-20-fast-moving-consumer-goods-fmcg.html 2) Kumar Vishal And Das Gopal (2009)† Impact Of Sales Promotion On Buyer Behavior-An Empirical study Of Indian Retail Customers â€Å" journal of management vol.3 no.1 pp11-24 3) Indian journal of marketing nov. 2012 vol 4 pp30-3

Gun Control: Do NOT Believe What Liberal Politicans Tell You :: Argumentative Example Essays

The book titled "Guns in America" written by Helen Strahinich defines gun control as any las that restricts the ownership or sale of firearms(Strahinich 2). The history of the gun control debate can be traced back to colonial times when guns were being outlawed to keep them out of the hands of the poor. Today, the subject still remains so controversial that many politicians fear touching the subject. Will banning guns eliminate crime? Will criminals still be albe to obtain firearms? These are two of the most controversial questions that fuel the fire in the debaate spotlight. tThese following two examples best illistrate how easily one can put forth arguments either for or aginst gun control.In 1995, a gang of four masked theives armed with Tec-9 semiautomatic pistols brok into Marsha Bealty's home in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The thieves were supprised when they were confronted by Marsha and her roomate armed with 9mm pistols. The immediately fled when threatened by the two women.(Black man) The two sides of this argument are the pro and anti gun groups. The anti-gun groups main goals range from more stringent gun control laws to a total ban on handguns. The political supporters of this group are susally liberal democrats and a few other small independedt groups such as Handgun Control Inc. Their main arguments are questionin gth eoriginal intent of the framers of the constituion adn the way of life in the time it was written, and also the purpose of guns in modern siciety. For thte most part, their claims are mainly emotional and use popular incidences adn the high number of people killed annually from firearms and, gun saftey in households. On the other side of the fence is the pro-gun grouuups who lobby to support law abiding citizens' second amendment rights to keep and bear arms. Their suporters tend to be conservative republicans and pro-gun groups. The most popular of these groups is the NRA(National Rifle Association) which is a strong political group consisting of over three million members. Theses groups tend to use statistics and sases wehre lives have been saved by the use of firearms while strongly stressing gun saftey and training programs. They favor strict interpretation of the Bill of Rights. INthsi paper I am taking a stand against gun control. I feel that law abiding citizens should be entitled to their second ammendment rights to keep and bear arms for the purposes of protection of home, property, and person.

Jane Eyre Obstacles and Love Essay examples -- English Literature

Jane Eyre Obstacles and love The novel, Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte is a story about a young orphaned girl and her quest for love. Jane, the young girl searches for love and acceptance through each setting; Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield, Moor House, and Ferndean. Throughout these points in her life, the maturation and identity recognition of Jane becomes visible. It is only when, Jane flees from Rochester and Thornfield, and spends time at Moor House, that her maturation to womanhood is completed. In this moment, Jane is able to come back to Rochester as an independent woman, knowing that she has a desire to love, and to be loved. If we look at the world, through Jane's eyes we see that she is a strong girl who wants to erase her birth name as an orphan. We see each struggle that Jane tries to beat for an identity and for love. The book opens up with Jane living with her Aunt Reed, who constantly thinks of her as burden, and low life. Jane is forced to live with her Aunt Reed, for her parents die and she came to live with her uncle, who also later dies making his wife promise him that she would take care of Jane. Gateshead is Jane's first home. Here we see that Jane is amazingly self-willed and has a temper. We realize that she has this strong tempered when she steps up to her aunt, exclaiming, " You think I have no feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness, but I cannon live so: and you have no pity. I shall remember how you thrust me back -- roughly-- and violently thrust me back--into the red room, and locked me up there, to my dying day; thought I was in agony; I cried out, while suffocating with distress, ' Have mercy! Have mercy, aunt Reed!' and that punishment you made me ... ...rn child's face. Jane discovered the maturation and the inner self of her woman hood. She can love, and is capable of being loved. This book, shows us the main obstacles that a woman had during the Victorian times. Many woman did not have it easy, and Jane was one of them. Woman needed a high self confidence. It is hard for one to love, when they themselves, have never felt what it is like to be loved. How are you suppose to trust those around you, when all you have been through is hurt? The main thing, a woman would need is courage. Jane is determined to find a life for herself. She is determined not to give up. She is determined to show everyone that she could be loved. She is determined to show her aunt, that she could be anything that she wanted to be. It just goes to show that no matter how many obstacles come your way, determined minds always win.

Similarities and Differences of Iphones and Android Phones”

Similarities and Differences of Iphones and Android Phones† â€Å"Similarities and Differences of iPhones and Android phones† The iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Incorporation. The iPhone runs Apple's OS mobile operating system. This device's has a multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard and a Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity. Why buy iPhone? iPhones are very famous and expensive but it gives what the user wants like Entertainment, Communication and Internet connectivity.In Communication the iPhone allows audio conferencing, call holding, call merging, caller ID, and integration with other cellular network features and iPhone functions. For example, if music is playing when a call is received, the music fades out, and fades back in when the call has ended. In Entertainment the iPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos, playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audio books, and a compilation which helps the us er manage his or her songs.In Internet connectivity the Internet access is available when the iPhone is connected to a local area Wi-Fi or a wide area network which allow the user to browse the internet. For me the iPhone nowadays are very expensive and unaffordable especially the latest versions of the phone. The only problem with iPhone is that it only runs application made by Apple Inc. , but it is reliable for the user because of its features and performance in different ways and it also goes with the flow of modern time. Android Phones† An Android Phone is a smart phone built with an Android mobile operating system, with more advanced computing capability and connectivity than a feature phone. This phone also has the same features with an iPhone but not all because an Android phone only runs application compatible to its OS. Why buy an Android Phone? An Android Phone also has a qualified performance that can match an iPhone and it is more affordable than an iPhone. Some e xamples of companies that provide android OS to†¦

Essay about My School Life Essays

Essay about My School Life Essays Essay about My School Life Paper Essay about My School Life Paper After finishing his writing ,he picks up someone randomly from the group of students and ask that questions. It does not require deep reading of the topic to answer those questions; one can easily answer those questions just by doing overview of the topic before that class, so by answering that question correctly student can build self confident and also it encourage others to read about the topic before the class. Unlike other teachers in his the class room, Mr Shahs teaching method is totally different. He wont use his notes or book, instead he asks students to read it from the book and then he explains that on board so in that way student not only understand topic by listing but simultaneously reading that from book. That also creates excitement in student while reading among all other students and that also enhance reading skills of the students . Unlike Mr Shah during his class Mr Patel always do presentations using power point that makes topic not only interesting but also easy to understand. During class presentation he always uses some interesting pictures and videos which attract students so students can understand remember that topic easily. Mr. Shah also does non traditional activity like going on field trip during quarter that gives an clear idea about subject and better understanding by putting live example infornt of students. For instance we visited discovery museum and science centre during class. The purpose of that trip was to take science learning out of class room and moves it in to real world. I was really impressed from this teacher. His methods not only creates an excitements in class room but also make me study and try perform better and better in class among other classmates and finally lead me to good grades in chemistry. While in Maths class we do not have to write down final exam paper instead Mr Patels class required that student have to present that their work as a individual or part of team , In that class we did presentation of solving quadratic equation using mathematics software, that was really challenging and was also fun to work and learn with new software to solve maths problem that makes us to think about different available software in todays world and choosing best for our application that gives us an idea about latest technologies and latest development the field. Even though my both the teachers have totally different personalities and method to teach their students, I have no doubt to consider both of them to be an effective teachers even with different presentation, teaching methods, standards. They improved my life a lot, due to their inspiration today I am able to peruse my masters in analytical chemistry at California state university, los angels. With out doubt I can say that both are very effective teachers for me.

Kennedy address Essays - Rhetorical Techniques, Kennedy Family

Kennedy address Essays - Rhetorical Techniques, Kennedy Family Kennedy address The youthful energy found in John F. Kennedy's speech is evident throughout. He had just won a long hard fought campaign, yet chose not to focus on the policies that helped him win specifically. The goals he has are illustrated in strong appeals to emotion, by making a connection with the everyday American citizen. He personalizes his speech in looking forward to the future while using the past as an example. Kennedy remains active with his words by never relenting on the main goal he has of unison between two opposing forces. In talking about all that he must deal with as a president and global icon striving for peace, he states, "I do not shrink from this responsibility - I welcome it," near the end of the speech. This shows his persistence as a leader and allows listeners to hear the strength of this determination. He shares his energy with the people, claiming that the goals of a better world can be attained if only effort by everyone is given. The activism in his words can most clearly be seen when he focuses on what both sides can do to solve the problem. His ultimate goal of peace between opposing forces becomes evident in his idea to, "bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations." "Absolute" lends to the strong diction used throughout his speech, and is used here to bring this example of zeugma together. He understands people are sca red of the world, and he stands strongly before them showing someone out there is not afraid to negotiate for peace. The metaphorical diction creates some of Kennedy's best appeals to the audience. He uses a metaphor here in a pledge to Southern nations, "to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty." Not only does his goal of liberation become more evident with the use of this metaphor, but he also shows the injustices of the past will not be repeated freely with a metaphor. He refers to evil dictators of the past saying, "those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside," clearly shows his intentions of becoming a just figure on the international level. Formal diction evokes a sense of national pride especially in referring to past Americans as "forebears," a sign of respect. During his opening line he wisely follows the addressing of many prestigious government figures by ending with fellow citizens. He puts the Americans on par with the other figures mentioned. Kennedy's use of short paragraphs, in some cases one-sentence paragraphs, allows him to not drag too long on one point. The appeal to a larger demographic can be made as he uses short rhetorical questions that can apply to anyone. This can be seen when discussing the call to unite against global enemies, he asks, "will you join us in this historic effort?" Long complex sentences are the norm in the speech. Contradictory statements like the famous "ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country," can be seen everywhere, and they lend themselves well to the points he tries to make. The use of parallelism creates some of these complex sentences with his listing of several key ideas fitting together in one long sentence. Kennedy likes to use declarative sentences to emit the strength he has. He makes declarations "to those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free," and, "to those peoples in huts and villages across the globe. The repetition of these declarative elements makes it seem that he will actually carry out his plan of action. Calling people into action makes up a good portion of his speech. The use of hortative sentences like when he repeatedly uses "let both sides" shows that he plans on not doing this alone. The humility comes through in these calls to action, but he also stays with his active approach by using imperative sentences. He commands that citizens ask themselves how they can help out the situation. Through the arrangement of the sentences so that he first says what not to do, and then what should

Editing Essay Learning Service Writing

Editing Essay Learning Service Writing Editing Essay Learning Service Writing Editing Essay Learning Service Writing Is but Natural to Be Used A lot of interesting essays are spoiled because of the fact that they are full of grammar mistakes and all the other kinds of slips of the tongue. Even if the content of the essay is brilliant and captivating one, such notion as mistakes can greatly spoil the full impression from this very essay and badly influence upon the grade. If you do not want to endanger the grade for your own essay writing and if you do not want to spoil your labour, we recommend you to give your essay to the professionals in order they proffered and edit it in a proper way. Remember, essay, which contains grammar mistakes is low-quality essay that will never be able to claim for some high grade. Get A Work Free of Mistakes! Editing essay learning service writing is what you need in order to get a work free of mistakes. We offer this kind of service to all of our clients and it should be stressed that editing essay learning service writing is considered to be the most popular service our customers make use of. This fact is simple to be explained. Those students who prefer writing their essays on their own and do not want to buy ready-made essays still appeal to our servicing as they understand how it is important to present their essay free of mistakes. Of course, those students who write the essays without custom writing help want to get the highest grade for their writing in order to encourage their labour that is why they ask our professional editors to conduct editing essay learning service writing for them: Our Team of Editors and Writers is Professional! One of the greatest advantages our site offers to the customers is that we have a team of professional editors as well as a team of professional writers; that means that several people work on your order what gives an opportunity to deliver the best quality essay. This advantage gives an opportunity to our customers to be certain in the level of professionalism of our employees. Editing essay learning service writing, which you can find at our custom writing site is of premium quality thanks to this fact. Editing of grammar mistakes is not the only one servicing we offer to our customers in the measures of editing essay learning service writing. Our editors correct the structure of your essay, make it be logically connected and cohesive, rewrite the parts they consider to be poorly written. Where else you can find such top servicing for such a moderate price? Try our editing essay learning service writing and you are certain to be awarded A+ grade for your essay writing. Read also: Example Essay AP Biology Essays Analysis Case Studies Term Paper Editing Research Paper Editing

American and Chinese Retail Market Research Proposal

American and Chinese Retail Market - Research Proposal Example What are the differences in the consumers What are the hindrances What are the benefits attached What are the implications of Economic and financial policies The issue of understanding the differences in the economic policies and the consumer market between the established markets like U.S. and emerging markets like China is of immense importance. Many multinational enterprises view China as a vital market and one with tremendous potential for growth in the future. The successful expansion of most multinationals depends upon the strategies and policies designed by keeping in view these economic and social differences. After taking a review of the researches for the problem through different aspects I will try to find out and underline the differences in both the markets and Governmental policies of both countries. A primary component of extensive theories of consumer behaviour is product assessment where consumers evaluate the characteristics of numerous product offerings. Such assessment is undertaken for their own decision making and for finalising purchasing decisions. In this phase of consumer behaviour, products are assessed on numerous characteristics, in regard to what consumers consider as their priority - as an outcome, product attitudes determining purchase decisions are developed. A significant body of empirical research has determined the importance which Chinese consumers attach to various product characteristics. Results suggest that a wide array of intrinsic criteria including style, comfort, colour, workmanship, and either fabric, fabric content, and fibber comfort were considered as top factors (Forsythe et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2002). While the extrinsic criteria of either price or brand were evaluated as somewhat less significant than either attribute in two of the studies (Zhang et al., 2002), Forsythe et al. (1999) purport that price, along with design and quality, strongly influenced the purchase intentions regarding a jacket. Since economic and cultural factors have been associated with consumers' distinct use of country of assembly information when assessing and buying products (Low & Corkindale, 1998; Zhang, 1996), and outsourcing production is prevalent, there are studies which have studied the influence of country of assembly in more depth. Several studies have asserted that Chinese consumers' buying choice, perceptions of

Managerial Accounting Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Accounting Practices - Essay Example These stakeholders include employees, management and equity holders. â€Å"The process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources (wikipedia, 2007)†. The scope of studies done by management accountants enable them to serve their organizations in vast variety of tasks and role and they have the ability to assume different roles in different circumstances due to their great flexibility in changing their orientation as per required. Management accountants provides helps organizations by performing all the budgeting and planning function for their organizations working on the basic information that they gather from different departments and different business processes. Managerial accounting helps organization in safeguarding their resources since they take into account all the variances that occur in a particular period and the exactly pinpoint the place where these variances occur. This helps management to take counter action of these losses of assets. This greatly reduced the cost for an organization. Managerial accountants help organization to use their resources in the most optimal fashion. They do so by performing the JIT procedures and methods to ensure that only the minimum amount of inventory load is borne by organizations and departments receive materials and goods only when needed. This reduces burden in the form of reduced handling and storage cost of inventory. Management accountant helps financial accountants in preparing financial reports for external stakeholders such as stockholders, auditors and government officials. They also prepare management reports for different levels of management depending on their requirement. These reports help departments analyze their performance during the past period and enable them to reorganize and

American Gov3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Gov3 - Research Paper Example These duties and responsibilities extend to all fifty states and other lands under U.S. supervision, such as Puerto Rico2. In addition to this, the FDA is responsible for various regulatory functions, such as monitoring and controlling electronic product radiation and tobacco products. This agency promotes public health by maintaining and releasing current information, based on scientific study and testing, on the various products and substances under its domain, so that citizen consumers have accurate information with which to improve their health. In addition, the FDA promotes the advancement of public health by safely and effectively speeding innovations within affected industries3. As the FDA is required to maintain certain safety standards in each are under its supervision, it can often come under pressure by government officials, corporations, and private businesses. The speed and efficiency of testing, the amount of regulation required in term so proper labeling, and other aspects of product regulation may be viewed as too harsh or too lenient by various standards. As a result, the agency is under constant pressure from producers and consumers

HR management , managing people for competitive advantage Essay

HR management , managing people for competitive advantage - Essay Example About competitive advantage, Olsen states, â€Å"It is what you do best that draws customers to buy your product/service instead of your competitor's†. Competitive advantage provides many considerable benefits to the companies, such as, increase in the levels of productivity, increase in the profits, and creation of a loyal client base. Some of the factors, which contribute towards achievement of competitive advantage in the market, include good public relations strategy, effective business management strategy, provision of premium quality products to the consumers, and a talented and efficient workforce. Effective marketing strategies also play a great role in making a company achieve and maintain competitive advantage. About the importance of marketing strategies in this regard, Tatum states, â€Å"Aggressive and appealing marketing campaigns can help to establish a company and its product line as being highly desirable†. Implementation of generic business strategies and presence of an efficient workforce are two of the most important factors behind achievement of competitive advantage in the market. In this paper, we will discuss what recruitment is and how human resource department of a company can manage the workforce for achieving competitive advantage. ... Employees work for the production of high quality products, which is one of the main factors for the achievement of competitive advantage. Along with the process of recruitment, effective management of the workforce is also very important in order to achieve competitive advantage. HR department is mainly responsible for the management of all issues related to employees. If employees are satisfied with a company, they work with more commitment and dedication, which brings more benefits to the company in the form of increased productivity and profitability. Therefore, managers need to take care of all needs of the employees in order to make them competitive and productive for the company. Recruitment is a very sensitive process because success of a company primarily depends on the number of proficient and skilled employees working for the company. Some companies make use of recruitment agencies for the selection of right candidates. About recruitment agencies, Worth states, â€Å"Such agencies are experts in evaluating a hiring company's needs against the skills and experience of job seekers†. The HR management of the company contacts recruitment agencies whenever the company needs new employees. Recruitment agencies advertise jobs through different media, collect resumes of the candidates, interview potential candidates, match employee skills with hiring company’s requirements, and maintain a proper database of all candidates. The management staff of the company provides all details to the agencies, which helps the agencies recruit best employees for the company. Such details include job description, job responsibilities, list of required and preferred education, required skills and experience, and the pay scale. Based on

Family Counseling Approach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Family Counseling Approach - Research Paper Example paid closer attention to some of the details and this allowed them to evolve the concept of the family into a more descriptive entity where strong supportive bonds and long-term roles and relationship help people build their lives around (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2013). These relationships may or may not be even by blood or by marriage but the fact that they count in the overall organization of the family makes them essential. The report herein will look at one of the many approaches that were developed as a way of dealing with this context and its point of view delved into to help understand its principles and theorems. This approach is the Bowen family systems approach or the intergenerational approach. Coined by psychiatrist Murray Bowen, this theory views the family as an emotional unit and utilizes the symbolism of a systems’ thinking to describe the intricacy of the interactions therein. As a family, connections are very intense and mostly border on the emotional perspective. Family members are profoundly attached to the other’s thoughts actions and even feelings naturally making it seem like they are one and the same thing. It is at the family level that children grow learning some of the basic attribute such as love, belongingness, need for attention and approval, and the way people react and support each other’s expectations and needs and how the lack of these may affect their growth later on in life (brown, 1999). However, when some of these are lacking, the child may not understand and will grow thinking that they way they are was meant to be. Their interactions create emotional interdependence which is presumed to be a significant factor in the promot ion of cohesiveness and cooperation in the family. It is expected that the family is the only unit that is supposed to provide all the basic requirements such as shelter, clothing and food as well as protection for its members (Guerin et al., 1996). Despite these expectations, any heightened

HR management , managing people for competitive advantage Essay

HR management , managing people for competitive advantage - Essay Example About competitive advantage, Olsen states, â€Å"It is what you do best that draws customers to buy your product/service instead of your competitor's†. Competitive advantage provides many considerable benefits to the companies, such as, increase in the levels of productivity, increase in the profits, and creation of a loyal client base. Some of the factors, which contribute towards achievement of competitive advantage in the market, include good public relations strategy, effective business management strategy, provision of premium quality products to the consumers, and a talented and efficient workforce. Effective marketing strategies also play a great role in making a company achieve and maintain competitive advantage. About the importance of marketing strategies in this regard, Tatum states, â€Å"Aggressive and appealing marketing campaigns can help to establish a company and its product line as being highly desirable†. Implementation of generic business strategies and presence of an efficient workforce are two of the most important factors behind achievement of competitive advantage in the market. In this paper, we will discuss what recruitment is and how human resource department of a company can manage the workforce for achieving competitive advantage. ... Employees work for the production of high quality products, which is one of the main factors for the achievement of competitive advantage. Along with the process of recruitment, effective management of the workforce is also very important in order to achieve competitive advantage. HR department is mainly responsible for the management of all issues related to employees. If employees are satisfied with a company, they work with more commitment and dedication, which brings more benefits to the company in the form of increased productivity and profitability. Therefore, managers need to take care of all needs of the employees in order to make them competitive and productive for the company. Recruitment is a very sensitive process because success of a company primarily depends on the number of proficient and skilled employees working for the company. Some companies make use of recruitment agencies for the selection of right candidates. About recruitment agencies, Worth states, â€Å"Such agencies are experts in evaluating a hiring company's needs against the skills and experience of job seekers†. The HR management of the company contacts recruitment agencies whenever the company needs new employees. Recruitment agencies advertise jobs through different media, collect resumes of the candidates, interview potential candidates, match employee skills with hiring company’s requirements, and maintain a proper database of all candidates. The management staff of the company provides all details to the agencies, which helps the agencies recruit best employees for the company. Such details include job description, job responsibilities, list of required and preferred education, required skills and experience, and the pay scale. Based on

Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence - Essay Example in the calendar of the judiciary in the arrangement of the appointment of subject, in line with the proceedings concerning state party cases (Pontell & Stephen, 2010, p. 41). The California code of civil procedure states does not prevent an attorney to permit any kind of representative to stand before the courtroom and present the evidence and witnesses engaged in the proceedings. The mother is therefore entitled to a maximum period of twenty days to submit a respond to the jury of the state. An attached subpoena that the court issued at the beginning of the trial should be handed out as a means of showing proof of chamber sittings between the mother’s attorney and the jury. California’s Business and Professions Code, 349a puts the mother’s lawyer in a state where he or she has to hand out an advance note of the court case three months prior to the lawsuit commencement. As a result, the child and his attorney have ninety days to take action before the lawsuit begins and at this period, they have the ability to organize for the justification of the child. Nevertheless, it is of value noting the fact that there exists no specific type of note necessary, except where notification of the defendant of the legal basis of the claim and the type of loss sustained, including with the specificity the nature of the wounds endured. At this point, it is important to underline the fact that if the notice is served within 90 days of the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, the time for the commencement of the action shall be extended 90 days from the service of the notice (Pontell & Stephen, 2010, p.

Exploring How State of Matter Affects the Rate of Diffusion Essay Example for Free

Exploring How State of Matter Affects the Rate of Diffusion Essay Introduction Diffusion is the random process by which particles distribute themselves within a container or medium. There are two factors that distinguish how substances move passively through membranes. The first factor is hydrophobic , a nonpolar molecule that can dissolve in a lipid bilayer and freely move through the membrane. However a hydrophillic molecule consisting of ions and polar molecules inhibit in their movement through the membrane making it a slower diffusion process. Selectively permeable, moreover, are charged atoms and molecules that are mostly blocked from traveling through the membrane due to the hydrophobic center. The purpose of this experiment was to test how the state of matter affects the rate of diffusion in a semi-solid vs. a liquid state. If the Potassium Permanganate crystals are placed in Petri dishes filled with water and 2% agar, then the crystals will diffuse at a faster rate in water than in the agar. The addition of the Potassium Permanganate crystals to the water and agar, there will be a result of more diffusion and more obvious color change in water compared to agar which will result in a slower less obvious diffusion. Materials The materials needed for this experiment are: One Petri dish with 2% agar and one Petri dish of water filled half way up to test the rate of diffusion. Also, two small crystals of potassium permanganate and one pair of forceps will be needed to place in the Petri dishes. One metric ruler will be need as well to measure the change of color in diameter and one 8 x 11 piece of white paper will also be used for safety precautions. Methods First, a member of the group will gather all the materials including the Petri dishes filled with tap water and 2% agar, forceps, ruler, 8X11 piece of white paper and the jar that contains the potassium permanganate crystals, and bring the materials back to the designated area. Then the experimenter will start to conduct the experiment. Then the experiment will consist of placing the empty Petri dish and the agar Petri dish on top of the white paper side by side. Second, Tap water will be added to a half way point in the empty Petri dish until it is approximately the same level as agar in the other Petri dish. Before continuing, wait for the water to stop moving to get an accurate measure of the diffusion. After that, have lab partner assist with placing potassium permanganate crystals into the agar Petri dish, while at the same time, the primary experimenter places the other two potassium permanganate crystals into the tap water. Be sure not to splash water in the aqueous dish. The moment that each crystal has been lowered is Time Zero. A purple color will be obvious immediately. Next have the experiment observe the diffusion rate for every 3 minutes for the next 15 minutes. For every 3 minutes, measure the diameter of the diffusion circle in millimeters (mm) and write down the measurement on the chart given. Be careful not to disturb the aqueous Petri dish. Discussion The results show that there a major difference in the rate of diffusion between 2% agar and tap water. Immediately, when the potassium permanganate crystals were dropped at 0, there was already an instant diffusion of 2 mm, compared to agar which was 1mm. Because water is a polar molecule, diffusion across membranes travel quicker compared to a nonpolar substance like agar that diffuse though the lipid part of a membrane. At the first 3 minute mark, it shows that the crystals have diffused relatively fast at 15 mm, compared to the diameter in agar which has slowly diffused to 5 mm. for the next 12 minutes, results have show that the diameter in water has increase about 8 10 mm every 3 minutes and agar has stayed the same throughout. Due to passive transport, the movement of molecules from the potassium permanganate have a higher concentration, and are then added to water which diffuses from that high concentration to a lower concentration. This was the expected result. Since water is polar, the crystals can easily diffuse through the gradient. Furthermore, with agar being a nonpolar molecule, it maintained a state of dynamic equilibrium because it diffused slower but was diffused evenly. However since other factors do play a role in the rate of diffusion, maybe temperature could have changed the rate of diffusion for the two Petri dishes. Also had the allotted time been different there may have also been a change in the results. There were no negative results or errors made during this experiment. Based on the results it can be concluded that dropping potassium permanganate crystals into water, diffuses across the gradient faster compared to 2% agar. This does support the initial hypothesis and the predictions were accurate.

Critical Evaluation Of Contemporary Issues In Hospitality Management Tourism Essay

Critical Evaluation Of Contemporary Issues In Hospitality Management Tourism Essay Hospitality is a dynamic industry that is ever changing as a result of several external factors. The industry has become more competitive than ever before. Some companies often fail while others are very successful. Tanke (2001) argues that successful firms acquire, manage, and develop resources that provide competitive advantage. They also control and build up relationships with a large number of organizations, various stakeholders, and groups. Globalization has intensified the competitiveness and for firms to remain competitive they have to expand their relationship networks and collaborate with each other to remain competitive. Many firms are starting to monitor and manage key indicators to cut on cost and save money. According to Ottenbacher and Gnoth (2005) There are several contemporary issues in the hospitality industry which include, human resource management, strategic management, use of ICT and gastronomy and tourism. Much of changes in issues have been brought about by globalization. For example in the case of human resource, globalization has brought diversity in the human resources. Information communication technology has advanced much in development. The high number of people travelling to foreign lands has brought changes in the gastronomy and tourism. Hospitality businesses must therefore manage all these issues to succeed in their operations. Tanke, (2001) argues that hospitality businesses will need to focus more on brand, human resource, emerging markets and information communication technology. These are the primary determinants of the winners and losers in years to come. Strategic management is thus important in determining the success of these firms. Strategic management has been hailed to provide higher levels of satisfaction than other management tools. Literature Review HRM Issues In the Hotel Industry Globally The importance of valuable human resource management to business success in any use of human resources can give an organization a competitive advantage. The importance of human resources is particularly significant in hospitality industry. Duncan (2005) suggested that there are several main areas of challenge and worry in the global hospitality industry, relating to employment issues, taxation levels and environmental issues. Employee turnover According to Hinkin and Tracey (2000) employee turnover has become one of the challenges in the hospitality industry. The industry globally suffers from high level of staff turnover, which result to intangible costs and high direct expenditure. Riegel (2002) argues that turnover is a result of several factors such as job dissatisfaction, poor working environment, poor supervision and lack of commitment that influence employee attitude and behavior. Iverson and Deery (1997) carried out a research on the labor requirements of the hospitality industry and established that the high turnover rate is one the most difficult issues in human resource management in that context. They reported that the turnover problem in large hotels was much worse than in small hotels. Many hotels are planning to increase the number of people employed simply to cover the turnover situation. Hoque (1999) contends that service quality focuses on the nature of the interaction between the individual employee and the customer at the point of service, in terms of politeness and overall professionalism. Hoque also argues that service quality is the main factor in creating competitive advantage in the hotel industry, and that any hotel that does not make an effort to improve continually its service quality will lose ground. Competitive advantage generated from internal sources includes such characteristics as value rareness, exceptionality, and non-substitutability (Iverson, Deery 1997), and the employee at the end of the service delivery system may well be the only differentiated and unique asset of a hotel organization that cannot be easily copied. Hinkin and Tracey (2000) have also recommended that there are in fact only two ways to compete in and differentiate between hospitality services. One is by competing on price and minimizing costs, which locks a hotel into a particular market segment. The other is to compete by providing exceptional service. They note that customer care is not a new concept in the service industry, but it is still a complex thing to control and sustain. In the face of the high level of turnover in the hotel industry, it is possible that some customers are served by employees who are fairly untrained, less committed, and less capable in their social skills. But dealing with this requires the use of quite organized approaches to service quality management. Huang (2001) suggested that if an organizations first and foremost objective is to provide a service, a holistic approach to service quality management must be developed and employed, insightful at all levels of the organization from the chief executive to the entry level employees. Training and development Garavan (1997) argues that training and development of employees is linked to service quality because its activities can be used to strengthen attitudes and behaviors that lead to effective service. Several researchers have suggested that developing a service culture during training and development and knowledge building are good practices. Employees training and development of skills help firms to enhance quality of service, increase productivity, and reduce costs. Elsewhere, Davies, Taylor and Savery (2001) investigated certain human resource management functions in improving employees relations in western Australian accommodation industry and found out that sustained training and development led to an important improvement in productivity, with a reduced turnover of employees. Huang (2001) argued that in Taiwan training and development was the main significant driver for economic development. Staff recruitment and selection Alleyne, Doherty and Greenidge (2006) contend the due to the nature of the hospitality industry; labor demand is much unpredictable and subject to seasonal variation. As a result the hospitality industry has had negative image among prospective employees. Elsewhere Debrah and Budhwar (2004) argue that changes in the macro environment for example ageing workforce, lower birth rates have also contributed to employees shortage heightening the imbalance between the employee demand and supply. This has made employee resourcing a great problem and highlights that effective management of demand and supply of best employee is a great problem in the hospitality industry (Tanke, 2001). Global competitiveness in the hospitality industry Successful hospitality firms eventually find that their domestic markets are either saturated or that foreign markets offer opportunities for growth and profits which are not available domestically. Several forces are leading businesses into the global arena. These include trade barriers falling especially in Europe and North America, newly industrialized countries, shift towards market economies, availability of financial capital; standards are becoming uniform globally and advancement in information technology (Tanke, 2001). Organizations that want to remain competitive must therefore acquire state of the art resources at a lower price, for example they may consider expanding to emerging nations where labor is cheap. The strategic management repercussions of increasing globalization are extreme. Managers cannot afford to overlook opportunities in foreign markets. Nonetheless, business methods and customs vary from country to country. These disparities make stakeholder analysis and management even more important. Analysis of wide environmental forces such as society, technology, and political influences ought to also be extended to the different regions in which an organization carries out business. People also vary greatly from region to region. The challenge of an ever increasing competitive global marketplace can be tackled through a well-devised strategic management process. Nevertheless, tactical planning must not always lead to the kinds of changes that are essential to stay aggressive over the long term. Technology Although there has been an increasing awareness of the value of state of the art integrated systems many hospitality firms still do not take advantage of them. There inadequate understanding of how much competence could be improved via use of these systems. Tanke, (2001) argues that hospitality administration systems have over the years developed into complex, well incorporated tools which help firms to make more revenue, attract more guests, and improve effectiveness. Nevertheless, some business still hang on systems that have are much ahead of their competitive useful life. This limits them from having the benefits that are brought about by these systems. Though several firms are scared of upgrading their systems because they fear that their employees will not be in a position to handle these systems, there is need for training the employees how to use these systems (Tanke, 2001). Alleyne, Doherty and Greenidge (2006) contend that as systems become more inclusive their support and security management become necessary and complex. However it must be noted that it is almost impossible for organizations to have their own technical support staff skilled in all the system they use. Guest report has become an aim for thieves and attacks on computers are becoming more complex. These trends call for a shift towards more professional system management; this may be a corporate team or an agreement party. Elsewhere Debrah and Budhwar (2004) argue that innermost revenue management teams, for example, can provide specialist help to numerous properties in a regionally unified way. Centrally-hosted systems permit highly-skilled technicians to offer a far more protected and managed systems environment than would be accessible to an individual firm. This trend is expected to prolong as understanding grows of the value of maintaining systems operating at peak proficiency, and o f the possible harm from security violations. Methodology According to Hoque, (1999) two essential questions were put to a sample of hotels: What are the key human resource management issues and concerns in the hospitality industry of Taiwan? And what are the main human resource management roles and practices used to engage with them? Rather than default to a single issue approach to the interviewees, the interviewer tried to examine human resource management in the hospitality industry in an entirely open-ended way. The respondents were free to raise any human resource management issues, concerns, functions and practices that they thought to be significant. This method allowed the researcher to notice what came up in order of priority for the respondents, or what failed to come up at all (Hoque, 1999) The method used was qualitative and the main technique was in-depth interviews. Leading questions were avoided by the researcher on order to gain a deeper understanding of some phenomena as experienced by a group of people (Creswell, 2003). It was not possible to examine all the hotels in Taiwan because of financial and time constraints. The researcher selected the chain hotels which he expected to have formalized human resource management practices than smaller hotels. The researcher further segmented the hotels according to number of rooms, geographic location, and brand. The researcher interviewed senior managers but in some cases some hotels that were approached refused to be interviewed arguing that they would consider questionnaires because of their tight schedules. Although there are few definitive rules for sample size in qualitative enquiry (Patton, 2002), it has been suggested that 12-20 examples are needed when trying to obtain the broadest range of information and perspectives on the subject of study (Kuzel, 1992). At the time this research was conducted, there were 46 chain hotel properties in Taiwan and the sample selected totaled 14 hotels, which represents 30.43%of the total population of such hotels. Analysis The findings were presented together because some issues were common to all the respondents and had cause and effect relationship. Fourteen participating hotels identified several main issues namely shortage of employees 100% of the respondents, 64% of the respondents talked of challenges in approach to training and development. While 50% of the respondents emphasized on the high level of employee turnover. Shortage of employees Participants pointed out that the overall education level in Taiwan has risen in the last decade. This has caused a problem to the hospitality firms in recruiting entry level employees. The increased growth of the hospitality industry has made the shortage even worse. Respondents however, believe that at middle level the case is different there is o shortage at this level. However those who hold these positions are not qualified but only fill these positions because a vacancy has to be filled. Shortcoming in Approaches to training and development Most of the employees have no hospitality background this calls for a sophisticated training and development approaches. Nevertheless, some hoteliers believe that that is not a major problem because they believe that skills can be gained on job training. High level of employee turnover Participants pointed out that this was unavoidable because of the nature of the hospitality industry. In certain cases the turnover might be positive to the industry as it may remove de-motivated staff. Respondents also pointed out that older employees led to lack of innovation, infusion of fresh ideas and creation in the firm. Discussion From the in depth interviews it can be argued that challenges in training and development, inadequate employees and problems in internship employment can be attributed to customer service quality discussed in the literature. Kuzel, (1992) argues that employing interns is a solution to the shortages in the hospitality sector. Interns provide stable employment especially at the entry level. Some hotels just view interns as supportive force as opposed to long term investments. It is recommended that hospitality managers should create a sense of belonging to the interns so that they could come back and work in these establishments. Most participants in this study appeared to accept Hoques (1999) view that the high level of turnover is a fact of life and a regular and acceptable phenomenon in the hospitality industry (Iverson Deery, 1997). In the fact, turnover still can be improved by better management, as long as human resource managers can see it as an opportunity, not just an unavoidable problem. Some researchers have recommended that specific human resource management practices can improve employee satisfaction which in turns minimizes the turnover rate. Empowerment is one of the efficient approaches suggested by many researchers (Enz Siguaw, 2000a, 2000b; Lashley, 1999). They recommended that it is significant to give power to the employees who provide services by focusing on customers needs. Service encounters are the key activity in a customer service business and employees may encounter a lot of diverse unique situations which cannot be covered by the organizational policies and actions (Iverson Deery 1997). If organizations are able to give power to their employees, then they are able to exercise prudence in delivering customer service and do whatever is required to satisfy customers needs (Enz Siguaw, 2000a; Lashley, 1999). It has been disputed that empowered employees also have a propensity to have a strong sense of control and personal worth because they can take liability for the service encounter and have the power to effect customer satisfaction (Lashley, 1999). At another level, it has been recommended that empowered employees are motivated by doing meaningful work that eventually enhances their job satisfaction and reduces the turnover rate s According to Lashley, (1999) as a result of global economic changes there has been increased competition and uncertainty, the firms have to be flexible in employee resourcing and responding to customers. The human resource managers must use methods that give them flexibility to employ employees to respond to variations. This type of employment helps the organization to cut on direct labor cost and also provide flexibility for employees and employers. One of the possible negative characteristic is that dispatching workers have a limited relationship with hotels in which they will work ensuing in low trust and low commitment. These might, in turn, lead to disagreement between direct-hire and dispatching workers, and between management and employees (Kalleberg, 2000). Another likelihood is that it is more expensive to manage the outsourcing activity than initially expected, so that the goal of cost saving is not achieved (Albertson, 2000). The tendency towards flexible working has become inevitable in such a fluctuating environment (Purcell Purcell, 1998), and dispatching is one of the arrangements which are prone to be a permanent dynamic of the hotel industry in the future. While becoming more popular in Taiwan, but there is no rule of the process at the time of writing. It has been argued that it is essential to regulate dispatching employment, because of the complex triangular employment relationship between dispatching company, dispatched worker, and the firm to which they have been dispatched (Kalleberg, 2000; Purcell Purcell, 1998). Conclusion This study set out to find out the contemporary issues in the hospitality industry. Due to its nature the hospitality industry and globalization effect the industry has several contemporary issues. These contemporary issues have a direct impact on the hospitality industry and for that reason they must be strategically managed for these businesses to succeed. This study however lays emphasis on the contemporary issues in human resource management. The findings of this study suggest that many of the participating hotels thinking and mindset are at the operational level, rather than the strategic level. Even though a good number were able to identify particular human resource management issues as vital, it seems that many do not have strategic approaches to deal with these challenges. Equally, although most perceived specific human resource management functions and practices as being very important, some of these are not utilized in a complicated way. Some of those interviewed had novel thoughts and creative ideas but had a limited voice or participation in decision-making. It seems that their role is seen as being to go behind the policy that has been already set by top management, rather than being an active voice or head in the organizations thinking. It was very strange for respondents in this study to have a seat at board level or to play a key role in creating and supporting competitive advantages for the business. The interviewer concluded that human resource management is not usually seen as a source of competitive advantage, and many look forward to maintain competitiveness mainly through new facilities and amenities. Nonetheless, Ottenbacher and Gnoth (2005) have argued that the efficiency of a hotels approach to human resource management is just as significant as a source of sustainable advantage. This study has stressed that the highly competitive nature of the industry affects both customers and staff. In particular, talented people are much preferred in a labor-intensive customer service industry. This research has expectantly provided some practical and strategic suggestions for hoteliers to cross the gap between the operational level and the strategic level of thinking and practice. Nevertheless, it is concluded that hotel owners need to be aware that human resource management must be managed well in order to keep up with changes in the global environment. The human resource management function is no longer one of traditional personnel administration; instead, it must be strategic and proactive in dealing with complicated human resource management issues.

Good to Great Book Review Essay -- Good Great Business Management Essa

Good to Great Book Review To transform a good company to great company is all manages’ dream, but only few of them make it. To find out the core factors which lead to a good company became a great company is very difficult, because in different era, different industry companies face different opportunities and threats. To begin the research for the Good-to-Great study, Jim Collins and his research team searched for companies that: performed at or below the general stock market for at least fifteen years; then at a transition point began to pull away from the competition, and sustained returns of at least 3 times the general market for the next fifteen years. He started with a list of 1,435 companies and found eleven that met his criteria. These eleven companies produced, on average, a return of 6.9 times the general stock market during the 15 years following the transition points. Collins chose a 15-year span to avoid "one-hit wonders" and lucky breaks. In the book, Collins highlights some important fa ctors which are the result of the research. They are level 5 leadership, fist who †¦ then what, confront the brutal facts, the hedgehog concept, culture of discipline, and technology accelerators, (Collins, 2001, p.12). According to Wheelen & Hunger, strategic management â€Å"is that set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation. It includes environmental scanning (both external and internal), strategy formulation (strategic or long-range planning), strategy implementation, and evaluation and control† (2004, p2). All eleven good to great companies are benefit from strategic management and gain long term strategic advantage then lead to outperforming compared companies. The first factor is level 5 leadership. A leader is the soul of the company. Base on the research, every good-to-great company had level 5 leaders during the pivotal transition years. In the book, level 5 leaders embody a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will (Collins, 2001, p.13). Darwin E. Smith is an example of lever 5 leasers. Smith transforms Kimberly-Clark into the leading paper-based consumer products company in the world within twenty years. Generated cumulative stocks return 4.1 times the general market, furthermore beating its direct rivals Procter & Gamble and Scott Paper. Level 5 leaderships’ ambition i... ...gy not likes leader, concept, and culture; it is an accelerator for the company. Good-to-great companies used technology as an accelerator of momentum, not a creator of it. None of the good-to-great company began their transformations with pioneering technology, yet they all became pioneers in the application of technology once they grasped how it fit with their three circles and after they hit breakthrough (Collins, 2001, p.162). Before become a pioneer in the application of the technology, we have to do the external and internal scanning to see is it the technology fit our long term strategic and hedgehog concept. Generally speaking, Good-to-Great are base on six major factors: leadership, staffing, information, concept, culture and technology. All these factors drive the companies good to great. Without a doubt, this is a must read for anyone in business, running a business or starting a business. Reference Collins, J. (2001). Don’t Good to Great – Why Some Companies Make the Leap†¦and Others. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. Wheelen T.L., & Hunger J.D. (2004). Strategic Management and Business Policy (9thed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.

performance enhancing drugs in sports Essay -- essays research papers

Performance Enhancing Drugs: Introduction The Tour de France is considered the world’s most competitive bicycle race. Each summer top cycling teams from around the world compete in the three-week event, which sends riders on a grueling, multi-stage course through the mountainous countryside of Ireland, France, and Belgium. In 1998, the image of Tour de France cyclists as athletes at the peak of their natural abilities was tarnished by allegations of widespread performanceenhancing drug use among competitors. The â€Å"doping† scandal broke a few days prior to the start of the race when a masseuse for France’s Festina team, Willy Voet, was arrested after police found large quantities of anabolic steroids and erythropoietin, or EPO, in his car as he crossed from Belgium into France. A subsequent police investigation uncovered a wellorganized system, orchestrated by the team’s management and doctor, for supplying riders with illicit performance-enhancing drugs. The Festina team was suspended from the Tour, and further investigations by French police led to the suspension and withdrawal of several more teams. Riders went on strike to protest the investigations, and less than half of the original competitors finished the race. French authorities are not alone in punishing athletes who use performance-enhancing drugs. From the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to the National Basketball Association (NBA) to the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA), most high-profile sports organizations have taken substantial steps to crack down on doping. Stronger anti-doping initiatives are considered necessary to preclude scandals that damage the image of sports and to silence critics who contend that not enough is being done to rid sports of drugs. The IOC, for example, which enforces the rules of the Olympic Games, set up the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 1999 as an independent body charged with coordinating a consistent system for testing Olympic athletes. WADA works with international sports federations and Olympic committees and has begun conducting unannounced, out-of-competition tests on Olympic hopefuls. This practice reduces the chance that competitors will rid their systems of drugs before being tested. The list of banned substances on the Olympic Movement’s Anti-Doping Code includes stimulants, narcotics, anabolic steroids, beta blockers, diuretic... ...es Goldberg, â€Å"As the stakes became higher, so did the number of athletes who sought performance-enhancing drugs, spurred on by the lure of big contracts and lucrative endorsements.† Keeping drugs out of athletic competition has only become more difficult for sports authorities since drug testing was introduced to the Olympic Games in 1968. Changing social norms and technology, which spurred the initial drive to ban drugs in sports, may end up settling the debate. Western societies have shown increasing tolerance for using drugs to enhance performance in areas of life outside of athletics. Drugs such as Viagra, Prozac, and Ritalin are now regularly prescribed to improve sexual, social, and academic performance. It may simply be a matter of time before the â€Å"integrity† of athletics no longer appears threatened by performanceenhancing drugs, particularly if safer drugs are developed. The ethical debate over whether or not athletes should use performance-enhancing drugs is one of the issues discussed in At Issue: Performance-Enhancing Drugs. Other issues include the effectiveness of drug testing, the rise of steroid use among teenage athletes, and the dan gers of dietary supplements. performance enhancing drugs in sports Essay -- essays research papers Performance Enhancing Drugs: Introduction The Tour de France is considered the world’s most competitive bicycle race. Each summer top cycling teams from around the world compete in the three-week event, which sends riders on a grueling, multi-stage course through the mountainous countryside of Ireland, France, and Belgium. In 1998, the image of Tour de France cyclists as athletes at the peak of their natural abilities was tarnished by allegations of widespread performanceenhancing drug use among competitors. The â€Å"doping† scandal broke a few days prior to the start of the race when a masseuse for France’s Festina team, Willy Voet, was arrested after police found large quantities of anabolic steroids and erythropoietin, or EPO, in his car as he crossed from Belgium into France. A subsequent police investigation uncovered a wellorganized system, orchestrated by the team’s management and doctor, for supplying riders with illicit performance-enhancing drugs. The Festina team was suspended from the Tour, and further investigations by French police led to the suspension and withdrawal of several more teams. Riders went on strike to protest the investigations, and less than half of the original competitors finished the race. French authorities are not alone in punishing athletes who use performance-enhancing drugs. From the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to the National Basketball Association (NBA) to the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA), most high-profile sports organizations have taken substantial steps to crack down on doping. Stronger anti-doping initiatives are considered necessary to preclude scandals that damage the image of sports and to silence critics who contend that not enough is being done to rid sports of drugs. The IOC, for example, which enforces the rules of the Olympic Games, set up the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 1999 as an independent body charged with coordinating a consistent system for testing Olympic athletes. WADA works with international sports federations and Olympic committees and has begun conducting unannounced, out-of-competition tests on Olympic hopefuls. This practice reduces the chance that competitors will rid their systems of drugs before being tested. The list of banned substances on the Olympic Movement’s Anti-Doping Code includes stimulants, narcotics, anabolic steroids, beta blockers, diuretic... ...es Goldberg, â€Å"As the stakes became higher, so did the number of athletes who sought performance-enhancing drugs, spurred on by the lure of big contracts and lucrative endorsements.† Keeping drugs out of athletic competition has only become more difficult for sports authorities since drug testing was introduced to the Olympic Games in 1968. Changing social norms and technology, which spurred the initial drive to ban drugs in sports, may end up settling the debate. Western societies have shown increasing tolerance for using drugs to enhance performance in areas of life outside of athletics. Drugs such as Viagra, Prozac, and Ritalin are now regularly prescribed to improve sexual, social, and academic performance. It may simply be a matter of time before the â€Å"integrity† of athletics no longer appears threatened by performanceenhancing drugs, particularly if safer drugs are developed. The ethical debate over whether or not athletes should use performance-enhancing drugs is one of the issues discussed in At Issue: Performance-Enhancing Drugs. Other issues include the effectiveness of drug testing, the rise of steroid use among teenage athletes, and the dan gers of dietary supplements.

Right To Education

The right to education is a universal entitlement to education, recognized in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as a human right that includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all, in particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education. The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses the obligation to rule outdiscrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality of education.International legal basisThe right to education is a law in Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Articles 13 and 14 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.[1][2][3] The right to education has been reaffirmed in the 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education, the 1981 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women,[4] and the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities[5] In Europe, Article 2 of the first Protocol of 20 March 1952 to the European Convention on Human Rights states that the right to education is recognized as a human right and is understood to establish an entitlement to education.According to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the right to education includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all in particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education in particular by the progressive introduction of free higher education.The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses also the obligation to eliminate discrimination at all levels of the educational  system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has applied this norm for example in the Belgian linguistic case.[4] Article 10 of the European Social Charter guarantees the right to vocational education.[6]DefinitionEducation narrowly refers to formal institutional instructions. Generally, international instruments use the term in this sense and the right to education, as protected by international human rights instruments, refers primarily to education in a narrow sense. The 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education defines education in Article 1(2) as: â€Å"all types and levels of education, (including) access to education, the standard and quality of education, and the conditions under which it is given.† In a wider sense education may describe â€Å"all activities by which a human group transmits to its descendants a body of knowledge and skills and a moral code which enable the group to subsist†.In this sense education refers to the transmission to a subsequent generation of those skills needed to perform tasks of daily living, and further passing on the social, cultural, spiritual and philosophical values of the particular community. The wider meaning of education has been recognised in Article 1(a) of UNESCO's 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Someone has rightly said that If someone is going down the wrong road, he doesn’t need motivation to speed him up. What he needs is education to turn him around.

P&G in Japan

Why was SK-II so successful in Japan? Statement: By based on research of Japanese market, P&G made clear targeting and positioning, and developed new products which fulfilled customers’ needs, built the effective distribution. As a result, P&G could establish differentiation advantages for the following. †¢ Product: â€Å"Foaming massage cloth† , Elegant dispensing box â€Å"Foaming massage cloth† increase skin circulation through a massage while boosting skin clarity due to the microfibers’ ability to clean pores and trap dirt. Price: Premium price †¢ Place: Luxury and nice counter at department store †¢ Promotion: Counseling by Beauty counselor, TV advertising, Beauty magazines Description Targeting Positioning Affluent women aged over 30s Prestige skin care Premium price R&D team: Market research > catches up demanding Japanese women, Develop Technology > excels Japanese competitors Sales: Training > beauty counselors, Promotion > Counter design Capability Q1. contd. What was the business model behind the success? Statement: SK-II ’s success is not only prestige skin care product or advanced technology but also its marketing approach to build the New brand.P&G succeeded to connect between the core technology or product concept and local market. Through Japanese market among the world’s toughest competitors, P&G developed potential source of innovations. In addition, SKII ’s marketing strategy built a new approach, Market research, Concept, Packaging, Positioning, Communications strategy. It was a big challenge that P&G shifted from Mass marketing, such as Olay brand, to Class marketing. SK-II ’s marketing strategy Description Market Research Concept Packaging Positioning Communication strategy Find the customer needs, habits Japanese women’s needs: sensitive with skin condition abits: five or six step cleaning Classify customers, Specify attractive market Affluent women aged over 3 0s Define the customer value Prestige skin care Product design Build the differentiation Premium price Advertising feature the targeting customers Design counter and installation Resource R&D Marketing R&D Marketing Technology Marketing Brand Sales force Channel Advertising Q2. How transferable is the model? †¢ The SK-II’s business model based on through production, advanced technology, marketing research and customer behavior.From this point if P&G Japan want to enter foreign market using this model they should exploit by exporting or by direct investment. Either case business model is transferable. But main concern is the model could be successful as in Japan? SK-II’s success had been achieved in a culture where the customers, distribution channels, and competitors were different from in China and Europe. For example: Japanese customers more educated, average Japanese women spent 4. 5 minutes on her face cleansing regime, and most sophisticated users of beauty p roducts in the world.Other hand in China customers due to Olay’s education recently moved from a one-step skin care process to a three-step cleansing and moisturizing process. But unlike China, Europe had a large and sophisticated group of beauty-conscious customers who is already practiced a multistep regimen. As we see it is model is transferable but they have to modify some of models characteristic depending on customers behavior, competitors and market factor. P&G Japans competitive advantage is firm-specific but SK-II’s advantage is country-specific. How to transfer SK-II:China Advantage The company had led with beauty products when entered this huge market Many woman took their fashion cues from Tokyo Wealthy China concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou Prestige beauty-counselor, TV advertisement Europe European customers are educated and already using multistep regimen. Also fine-fragrance business was beginning to do well Mass- market Cost of televisi on or print ads in Europe prohibitive. But sales force staff selling directly to department stores. †¢ †¢ Target Promotion Q3. What should P&G ‘s expansion strategy be in rolling out SK-II? We recommand P&G to directly invest in this market by focusing only on Marketing and Distribution to roll out SK-II (a special product) in a foreign market. It should not be an advantage for P&G to acquire subsidiaries, or to license or to franchise because resources and capabilities of SK-II are located in Japan. It would be difficult to find same raw materiels to produce SK-II in another country. Exporting SK-II in a foreign market will be better, for that they should emphasize on: †¢ Differentiation advantage, †¢ Changing customer behavior, †¢ Product positionning, †¢ Pricing policy, †¢ Advertisement, †¢ Counseler team†¦Q3. Contd. Which country should be the priority? Porter national diamond analysis Supporting Industries Superior in-store inf rastructure Counseling counters Cosmetic R&D centre MDO, Max factor Strategy, Structure and Rivalry High number of domestic competitors with high innovation. Tough competition Presence of prestigious foreign brand Intense, established, well respected , high experience and famous competitors Limited competitors in high-cosmetic market which can lead to low innovation and learning improvement as well as an opportunity to easily reach a huge market for P&G Country Factor ConditionDemand Conditions Japan High R&D technology and innovative. Skin care Educated labor force Home-grown resources comparative advantage Sophisticated and wealth customers Slow market growth trend High potential in other skin care solution Sensitive to the quality of the product Sophisticated customers New kind of advertisement Educate costumers: to help them know what is SK-II, and how to use it 30-40% cosmetic industry growth China’s P&G skin care sale showed 28% growth rate High return on investment Goo d positioning and targeting to reach wealth costumers Differentiation advantage Home grown skin care technicians.High labor cost Europe High retailer network MDO China Beauty assistance for premiumcounter cosmetic New product that will involve changes in costumers behavior (innovative product) High growth in retailing such as increasing number of department stores. More counters and and beauty counselors MDO CHINA should be P&G’s priority. A biggest market near to P&G Japan and opportunity to expand P&G extensive technological ressources Beijing and shanghai are best location to reach an elite consumer but counterfeit is a huge problem Rigidity of the system is a characteristic of Chinese governement, high import duties 35 to 40 %China China MDO covered by GBU A Target to acces to prestigious customers and a new research field concerning SK-II (unmet need) , a second security base in Asia regarding the instability of Japanese market Differentiation advantage , SK-II is consid ered as a premium product Sales may be $ 10 to $15 million over first 3 years against $1 to $1. 5 million of losses over 3 years Q4. What is your assessment of Jager’s strategic initiative? Why did he emphasize worldwide innovation? How does the initiative address barriers to worldwide innovation and learning?The strategic initiative denominated Organization 2005 aimed to expand P&G worldwide presence. By separating the organization in business units, service functions and market segments (MDOs) the company achieved ability to focus on exploring market potentials. Innovation was a major point of the initiative and helped P&G to obtain a rapid development of new products globally. With this initiative, P&G could develop competitive advantage by identifying emerging needs in different places while responding to them through internal capabilities and diffusing the outcome to the rest of the business.Several management changes in the company supported the initiative: †¢ Cult ure Changes: (cultural revolution within P&G): Company culture was slow, conformist and risk adverse, making P&G vulnerable to competition. By changing norms and practices, Jager created a culture which encourages risk taking, faster decisions and innovation. This change was fundamental to achieve a fast worldwide innovation mechanism within P&G. Processes Changes: Employees compensation became focused on performance, reinforcing risk taking culture.Also, by extending the reach of the stock option plan to all employees, a positive sense of ownership was created among P&G workers. Organization Structure Changes: Global Business Units (GBUs) assumed responsibility for profit, product development and marketing of their respective categories worldwide. Through this modification, P&G was able to delegate responsibilities for developing and rolling out new products. Standardization in manufacturing was achieved, bureaucracy was eliminated and accountability increased. Nevertheless, the ch ange created a complex organization structure were relationships were not clear.Managers had to adjust to this change. †¢ †¢ In general, the initiative allowed P&G to adapt core technologies or product concept to local markets, facilitating easier market penetration. Q4. Contd. What is your assessment of Jager’s strategic initiative? Why did he emphasize worldwide innovation? How does the initiative address barriers to worldwide innovation and learning? The emphasis in worldwide innovation was held because Jager identified that without a major- in country product development capability, P&G could not respond to the Japanese customers demands and competitors.Product development was needed, not only in Asia’s markets but even worldwide, to avoid the Japanese experience in new markets. He wanted to address: †¢ newer consumer trends †¢ new technologies that may be developed in various parts of the world. Worldwide innovation and learning barriers were a ddressed with integrated business planning process, organization structural change to improve communication, and learning sharing through GBUs and MDOs.Identifying and recognizing different customer’s needs and addressing them through new product development processes has become an objective of P&G after restructuration, addressing innovation through learning. Q5. As Paolo DeCesare, what would you recommend to the Global Leadership Team in your SK-II presentation? What is the set of factors you would consider in developing your recommendation? We would like to recommend P&G GLT to expand in China for SKII product line.Factors influencing the recommendation: Potential Market Size: Determine the market size, growth potential in future Product Fit: How the product fits into the market, define our unique selling point Product Competitiveness: know the competitors, Bargaining power of customers, suppliers, threat of any product substitute Entry Strategy: find barriers to entry, kn ow Country rules and regulations, Access to distribution channels Timing of entry: product climate for beauty related products Cultural differences: Different consumer behaviors / workplace practices Administrative constraints: Local content, preferences for domestic competitors in the form of subsidies and favoritism in regulation and government procurement Economic differences: Consumer incomes, cost and quality of natural resources, cost and quality of human resources Q5. contd. What would be your supporting reasoning for the recommendation?Potential Market Size: Japan Market Growth is becoming saturated, so globalizing SK-II in a growing market is advantageous China: 1. 2 billion population, the largest available market, Annual growth rate: high 30 – 40% Product Fit: SK-II is able to supersede Olay as the premium skin care choice in China, and counter the entry of non-mainland retailers carrying Olay as a discount product Product competitiveness: SK-II will be in a less c ompetitive market in China than it faces in Japan, or might encounter in Europe Entry strategy: The China entry strategy of test counters in Shanghai is promising Timing: Good timing as China economy is growing and more awareness among affluent society for beauty related products

Critical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Critical Writing - Essay Example According to the article, while normally the piracy of goods and services adversely affect the original promoters and creators, the imitation of the fashion products are known to facilitate creativity and popularity of the promoters through pirated lines of the current fashion trend. The author asserts that while the concept of copyrights and patents are important for businesses to maintain a competitive edge over their rivals, such criteria are irrelevant for the fashion industry which seems to thrive on imitations and piracy of fashion designs. Though fashion designers may be annoyed by the copying of their designs and would like to prevent the practice in the gray market, it cannot be denied that the pirated version of those designs make it affordable for the general public. This not only serves to make those designers more popular but the process also helps them indirectly to gain financially because their niche clientele is still more willing to pay premium prices for the original products! Another pertinent factor is that the cheap counterfeit promotes awareness of the changing habits and tastes of the public. The dissatisfaction of the public with the current trends, motivates the fashion designers to be more creative and original in their new fashion line and meet the expectation of the consumers. As the article says, it means ‘there is more innovation, more competition and probably more sales than there otherwise would be’. Again, fashion industry is the only field where the imitation has promoted brisk development of the industry instead of adversely affecting its revenues and imagination. It is a well known fact that designer fashion product line, basically caters to a select segment of the society who do not mind paying exorbitant prices for the original and unique products. Piracy of the designer fashion products brings the goods to the

A Good Man Must Know One Song by Heart Movie Review

A Good Man Must Know One Song by Heart - Movie Review Example A gripping story set in 1929 about a family of three. The father leaves home for New York to work there along with his friends as members of a band. The band becomes popular at that area, and pay becomes even better. Way back home, the ten-year old son and his mother alternates time among playing piano, strolling around the vicinity, and cooking food. The situation forces the son to look for his father bringing only with him a song that his father taught him years ago.The film's narration played as a flashback starting out promisingly in what is supposed to be an abandoned area in New York, where the son is shown to be cuddling his father while humming a tune. The father was looking aimlessly at nowhere in his tattered suits, while the son looked simple in his pants and jacket. The transition to the next scene was poignant and dramatic because the succeeding scene was beautifully juxtaposed with the previous scene. In the second scene, the father was seen cuddling his son while singi ng the song "While My Baby Lulls in a Hammock." The mother entered the scene, and then all at once, the audience was introduced to all the principal characters of the film. But just when you are expecting things to get even better, as the film tried to give the audience an idea of the setting and the zeitgeist of the story, the film slowed down and devoted too much time to the protagonists' uneventful music sessions. There, the film accommodated half of the total number of songs-there were ten-that were supposed to be played in the entire film. While the film's first half tried your patience, it picked up speed as the focus shifted to where it should be: New York and the specter of the Great Depression. There were two significant events between the period of 1925 and 1935 that were woven into or depicted in the film: 1) The movie's moral crackdown in 1934-Due to the newly-enforced rigorous production code courtesy of Will Hays, the film's dialogues, song lyrics, and the presentation of the visuals were seemingly sanitized. Rumor has it that several lines-including "Mother, do you think is it acceptable for Father if I were to fall in love with someone, but not marry her"-were intentionally omitted during the post-production to suit the taste of the members of the so-called Legion of Decency. As a result of this, the film in its entirety was devoid of any shocking but commercially appealing dialogue and situations. Instead, unnecessary optimism pervaded all throughout in its less than 90-minute run. Such existential optimism was manifested in script like "Do not worry son. Your father will soon find his way to us." 2) The ushering of the Great Depression in 1929-discussions among bankers visiting the club where the father plays centered on the issue of Wall Street's fall. Although, the site of Wall Street was never included in any of the scenes, the actors really talked about blue chips like Standard Oil and Westinghouse, and the plummeting values of the shares of White Sewing Machine with ease that one could have an impression that bankers who were forced to resign from financial institutions were acquired as actors. Commentaries One critic said that there was a visible effort on the part of the filmmakers to show that this film had set the bar high in terms of visuals, sounds, and historical accuracy. Although the visuals, through camerawork, hardly moved to prevent the scratches made by camera from being recorded, the actors' faces registered clearly and properly projected to create an impression of a depressing scenario. The sounds consisted of a few songs of longing and melancholia and crisp and concise audible (and inaudible) dialogue. The claim to historical accurac